STRUCTURE in C program Question WITH Answers

Q1. What will be output ?
void main()
{
struct employee
{
unsigned id: 8;
unsigned sex:1;
unsigned age:7;
};
struct employee emp1={203,1,23};
clrscr();
printf("%d\t%d\t%d",emp1.id,emp1.sex,emp1.age);
getch();
}
Output: 203 1 23
We can access the data member in same way.
How bit data is stored in the memory:
Minimum size of structure which data member in bit is two byte i.e 16 bit.This is called word size of microprocessor. Word size depends on microprocessor. Turbo c is based on 8086 microprocessor which word size is two byte.

Bits are filed in from right to left direction 8 bit for id,1 bit for sex and 7 bit for age.

Q2. What will be output:
void main()
{
struct bitfield
{
unsigned a:5;
unsigned c:5;
unsigned b:6;

}bit;
char *p;
struct bitfield *ptr,bit1={1,3,3};
p=&bit1;
p++;
clrscr();
printf("%d",*p);
getch();
}
Output: 12
Explanation:
Binary value of a=1 is 00001 (in 5 bit)
Binary value of b=3 is 00011 (in 5 bit)
Binary value of c=3 is 000011 (in 6 bit)
In memory it is represented as:


Let address of bit1 is 500 which initialize to char pointer p. Since can is one byte data type so p++ will be 501. *p means content of memory location 501 which is (00001100) and its binary equivalent is 12. Hence output is 12.
Q3. What will be output ?
void main()
{
struct bitfield
{
signed int a:3;
unsigned int b:13;
unsigned int c:1;
};
struct bitfield bit1={2,14,1};
clrscr();
printf("%d",sizeof(bit1));
getch();
}
Output: 4
Q4. What will be output ?
void main()
{
struct bitfield
{
unsigned a:3;
char b;
unsigned c:5;
int d;
}bit;
clrscr();
printf("%d",sizeof(bit));
getch();
}
output: 5
Note: (Actual output will 6 due to slack byte ,So Before executing this program first go to option menu then compiler then code generation then select word alignment then press OK)

Q5.What will be output ?
void main()
{
struct field
{
int a;
char b;
}bit;
struct field bit1={5,'A'};
char *p=&bit1;
*p=45;
clrscr();
printf("\n%d",bit1.a);
getch();
}
Output: 45
Nesting of structure:

Nesting of structure is possible i.e we can declare a structure within another structure but it is necessary inner structure must declares structure variable otherwise we can not access the data member of inner structure.
Example:
void main()
{
struct world
{
int a;
char b;
struct india
{
char c;
float d;
}p;
};
struct world st ={1,'A','i',1.8};
clrscr();
printf("%d\t%c\t%c\t%f",st.a,st.b,st.p.c,st.p.d);
getch();
}
Output: 1 A I 1.800000

arrary,union,structure in the structure
Structure member data type can be array, structure (not same strcture) or union.
void main()
{
struct india
{
char c;
float d;
};
struct world
{
int a[3];
char b;
struct india orissa;
};
struct world st ={{1,2,3},'P','q',1.4};
clrscr();
printf("%d\t%c\t%c\t%f",st.a[1],st.b,st.orissa.c,st.orissa.d);
getch();
}
Output : 2 p q 1.400000